Redistricting — Utah

Utah, like Nebraska and Kansas, is a state in which Republicans technically control the redistricting process, but geography gives the Democrats some hopes.  Where in Nebraska it was the Omaha area and in Kansas it was the Kansas City suburbs, the problem in Utah is Salt Lake City and Salt Lake County.  As in other states, the 2019 estimates from the Census bureau have the more urban Fourth District (central Utah) with too many people and the remaining districts (the First in the north, the Second in the west, and the Third in the east) with too few people.  The three less urban districts are roughly equal (with the Second having around 2,500 more people than the First and the Third), but the Fourth may need to shed over 30,000 people.

In Utah, there is an advisory commission which draws proposed maps, but the maps ultimately are drawn by the legislature.  The maps are supposed to keep communities of interest intact and minimize county splits, but Utah Republicans have already shown a willingness to blow past those state law requirements in the 2010 maps.  After 2010, the maps split Salt Lake County (large enough to have a single intact district) between three separate districts with Salt Lake City itself actually being in the Second District.  These maps carefully divide the Democratic parts of Salt Lake County and Utah County between the three districts.  In other words, the map in Utah is a perfect example of cracking.

If the map makers were trying to be proportional, it is possible to draw a district that combines the Democratic part of Salt Lake County with the Democratic part of neighboring Summit County to create a toss-up district that slightly favors the Democrats.  In short, geography gives Democrats a chance at having one toss-up district in Utah, but the Republicans are unlikely to  draw fair lines.

Instead, we are likely to see Republicans try to make the Fourth District safer.  To do this, Republicans will probably move part of Davis County (currently split between the First and the Second) from the Second to the First.  You will then see some of the Democratic parts of Salt Lake County which are still in the Fourth moved to either the Second or the Third.  These changes may make the Second bluer than the Fourth, but both should be safe Republican districts.

The bottom line with Utah is that, while it is possible to actually draw a district based entirely in Salt Lake County that favors the Democrats, the lines drawn in 2011 and the lines likely to be drawn this  year,, did not create such a district.  The Fourth has been competitive for most of the decade because the Democrats have chosen better candidates than the Republicans have.  Whether it is a race issue (for all five elections the Republicans have chosen a conservative African-American candidate) or the fact that the Republican candidates were not natives of Utah (although Mia Love had served in local government in Utah for over a decade prior to being elected to Congress), the Republican candidates in the Fourth have generally underperformed the rest of the ticket (or conversely the Democratic candidate for the Fourth has always received more votes than the rest of the ticket — with the House candidate beating Obama by 18%, Clinton by 9%, and Biden by 3%).   By contrast, in the Second District, the Democratic House candidate  beat Obama by 4% and Clinton by 1% and lost to Biden by 3%.

In short, there is every reason to expect that, under the lines to be drawn this decade, Utah will elect four Republicans to the House in most of the cycles.  There is always the possibility of an upset in one district in any one election, but keeping such a seat will be hard.

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